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July 2023, no. 455

Welcome to the July issue of ABR! This month ABR examines questions of politics, history, and immigration. Bain Attwood’s cover feature offers a nuanced examination of the Voice referendum from a historical perspective, drawing on the 1967 referendum on Aboriginal rights. Other major features include David Rolph on the Ben Roberts-Smith defamation case and the vindication of investigative journalism, Jack Corbett on sovereignty games in the Pacific Islands, and ABR Laureate’s fellow Ebony Nilsson on the ALP’s uneasy history with immigration. Sheila Fitzpatrick examines a new history of East Germany and Michael Hofmann reviews Anna Funder’s major repositioning of Eileen O’Shaugnessy, George Orwell’s first wife. Also in the issue, Helen Morse takes us backstage, Brenda Walker reviews a collection of essays from critic Helen Elliott, Geordie Williamson appraises a new short story collection from J.M. Coetzee, and Patrick Mullins looks at transformations in the Australian media.
Backstage with Helen Morse
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Helen Morse’s work with major theatre companies and independent ensembles covers a wide range of classics, contemporary Australian and international plays, recitals, and the odd cabaret. In August she will appear in Caryl Churchill’s play Escaped Alone, for MTC.

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Helen Morse’s work with major theatre companies and independent ensembles covers a wide range of classics, contemporary Australian and international plays, recitals, and the odd cabaret. In August she will appear in Caryl Churchill’s play Escaped Alone, for MTC.


What was the first performance that made a deep impression on you?

There were two: The Miracle Worker at the Comedy Theatre Melbourne, 1962, with Bronia Stefan as Annie Sullivan and Suzanne Heywood as Helen Keller – unforgettable – and The Black Theatre of Prague’s The Seven Visions of Mr S (Comedy Theatre, 1964), created by the artistic director Jiri Srnec. One astonishing vision was a clothes line of garments blowing in the wind – a coup de théâtre revealed to be the multi-skilled performers.

When did you realise you wanted to be an artist?

I was a player from an early age. My schoolgirI dreams met the reality of a life in the theatre when I joined a two-week workshop for teenagers run by the UTRC (now MTC) at the Russell Street Theatre. Directors, designers, props makers, and actors showed us how the magic happens.

What’s the most brilliant individual performance you have ever seen?

First, the peerless Jeannie Lewis and band The Cacophonists in Tears of Steel & The Clowning Calaveras – impassioned, political, life-affirming poems and songs, inspired by Pablo Neruda and the Mexican Day Of The Dead and designed by Martin Sharp (Seymour Centre, 1975). Second, Paul English’s complex, heart-breaking portrait of flawed, tormented Willy Loman at the centre of Arthur Miller’s masterpiece, Death Of A Salesman (Hearth Theatre, fortyfivedownstairs, 2022).

Name three performers you would like to work with.

Will Shakespeare’s company at the Globe – to witness their process firsthand! Susheela Raman, an Australian-Indian musician, ever since I saw her concert Ghost Gamelan in 2019. Director Kate Cherry – we have collaborated on three very special productions.

Do you have a favourite song?

Among the many across all genres: ‘Art Thou Troubled’, a poem set to music from Handel’s Rodelinda. The song, which expresses music’s healing power, was my mother’s favourite; ‘It’s Only a Paper Moon’ (lyrics by Billy Rose and E.Y. Harburg, music by Harold Arlen) – Blanche’s song from A Streetcar Named Desire.

Who is your favourite writer – and your favourite composer?

Shakespeare; Anna Akhmatova; Helen Garner, with her remarkable body of work. ‘Bach, Bach, mighty Bach!’, to quote Dylan Thomas.

And your favourite play or opera?

Impossible! I delight in difference. So; the entire European, British, American canon.  Tom Stoppard’s Arcadia. Australian plays include Alma de Groen’s The Rivers of China and Nick Enright’s Good Works. As for opera, La Traviata, The Marriage of Figaro, Richard Meale’s Voss, and Batavia created by Richard Mills and Peter Goldsworthy. Music theatre: Stephen Sondheim’s A Little Night Music.

How do you regard the audience?

With respect and as essential to what is a shared experience; individuals who bring their own energy and understanding of life to meet the play, through the work of the players. This is why I love theatre – it’s alive.

What’s your favourite theatrical venue in Australia?

Fortyfivedownstairs in Flinders Lane, Melbourne, an old rag-trade workshop with high, pressed-metal ceilings and wonderful windows – a lived-in space and a cradle of new work. Also, Theatre Royal Hobart (1834), the oldest working theatre in the country. From the stalls to the gods you feel embraced by its Georgian design.

What do you look for in arts critics?

An understanding that theatre is an organic experience. Prejudice, ego and ‘cancel culture’ tendencies should be left at the door. Remaining open to the life of the play and bearing witness to what is actually happening.

Do you read your own reviews?

I prefer not to, but usually do towards the end of the run. Sometimes friends pass on helpful comments. 

Money aside, what makes being an artist difficult – or special – in Australia?

Fallout from lockdowns. Post-Covid, the wonderful groundswell of young, independent theatre-makers (especially in Melbourne) who are excited by the possibilities of this ancient art form. I’m inspired by the remarkable creative work of First Nations artists in all areas of the performing arts.

What’s the single biggest thing governments could do for artists?

Continue to support and nurture the smaller companies, emerging artists – the storytellers of the future.

What advice would you give an aspiring artist?

Train your voice, body, and mind, but don’t forget to live life! Serve the play – it’s all in the text.

What’s the best advice you have ever received?

Listen. Be true. Don’t be afraid of making a fool of yourself. Courage, mon amie!

What’s your next performance?

Escaped Alone by Caryl Churchill, directed by Anne-Louise Sarks for the MTC. I’m one of a cast of four older women. It’s mind-bending, original, unsettling, and blackly funny – ‘a visionary play about afternoon tea and the apocalypse’. 

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Open Page with Nick McKenzie
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Nick McKenzie is one of the nation’s most decorated investigative journalists, having been named Australian Journalist of the Year on four occasions and awarded the Walkley a record fourteen times. His investigative reports into Ben Roberts-Smith were central to a defamation trial brought against Fairfax media. Last month the Federal Court found that Nick McKenzie’s account of Roberts-Smith’s criminal actions in Afghanistan was substantially true and that these actions could be said to amount to war crimes. Hachette will release his new book, Crossing the Line, this month.

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Nick McKenzie is one of the nation’s most decorated investigative journalists, having been named Australian Journalist of the Year on four occasions and awarded the Walkley a record fourteen times. His investigative reports into Ben Roberts-Smith were central to a defamation trial brought against Fairfax media. Last month the Federal Court found that Nick McKenzie’s account of Roberts-Smith’s criminal actions in Afghanistan was substantially true and that these actions could be said to amount to war crimes. Hachette will release his new book, Crossing the Line, this month.


If you could go anywhere tomorrow, where would it be, and why?

Anywhere but a courtroom!

What’s your idea of hell?

Long airport lines.

What do you consider the most specious virtue?

Good looks.

What’s your favourite film?

La Haine or The Big Lebowski.

And your favourite book?

Catcher in the Rye.

Name the three people with whom you would most like to dine.

Christopher Hitchens, Barack Obama, and Ruth Bader Ginsburg.

Which word do you most dislike, and which one would you like to see back in public usage?

‘Nice’, and ‘Blackguard’.

Who is your favourite author?

Cormac McCarthy.

And your favourite literary hero or heroine?

Atticus Finch.

Name an early literary idol or influence whom you no longer admire – or vice versa.

Tim Winton: I used to struggle with his books in my teens. Now he’s my favourite Australian writer.

Which quality do you most admire in a writer?

Ability to evoke place and character.

Which book influenced you most in your youth?

Lord of the Flies.

Do you have a favourite podcast?

The Daily.

What, if anything, impedes your writing?

The internet.

What qualities do you look for in critics, and which ones do you enjoy reading?

Acerbic honesty. Norman Mailer on Tom Wolfe.

How do you find working with editors?

If they can put up with me, great.

What do you think of writers’ festivals?

Affirmation that people still love books.

Are artists valued in our society?

Not as much as they should be.

What are you working on now?

Crossing the Line – my book about Ben Roberts-Smith. 

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Ruby Ekkel reviews The Power of Trees: How ancient forests can save us if we let them by Peter Wohlleben, translated by Jane Billinghurst
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In Peter Wohlleben’s newest book, trees are characters, not commodities. In making his compelling case for a fresh approach to forestry, which values old-growth forests for their climate-cooling capacities, the acclaimed German forester treats trees as individuals with feelings, abilities, memories, and families. We are sometimes left to wonder what it means to say a tree feels emotions such as worry, surprise, and consideration for others, but this unapologetic anthropomorphism nevertheless invites empathy on the part of readers. It is easy to feel an affectionate second-hand embarrassment for the chestnut tree which ‘panicked’ in response to sudden rain by unfurling its blossoms too soon, or indignant on behalf of multi-centenarian beeches threatened by encroaching excavators. Seeing trees as sensate characters also provides a contrast with the unfeeling utilitarianism attributed to mainstream foresters; their industry comes off badly bruised.

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In Peter Wohlleben’s newest book, trees are characters, not commodities. In making his compelling case for a fresh approach to forestry, which values old-growth forests for their climate-cooling capacities, the acclaimed German forester treats trees as individuals with feelings, abilities, memories, and families. We are sometimes left to wonder what it means to say a tree feels emotions such as worry, surprise, and consideration for others, but this unapologetic anthropomorphism nevertheless invites empathy on the part of readers. It is easy to feel an affectionate second-hand embarrassment for the chestnut tree which ‘panicked’ in response to sudden rain by unfurling its blossoms too soon, or indignant on behalf of multi-centenarian beeches threatened by encroaching excavators. Seeing trees as sensate characters also provides a contrast with the unfeeling utilitarianism attributed to mainstream foresters; their industry comes off badly bruised.

By now we are familiar with the idea that trees can help to offset human-caused climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide. Protests against deforestation, especially in the Amazon, are often framed in these terms: we must protect the globe’s ‘green lungs’. Trees’ contribution to managing climate change goes further. Thanks to the process of transpiration, even a single tree outside a suburban house has a cooling effect on those around it. This effect is magnified in large forests, which draw huge volumes of water from the ground and release it to the atmosphere, changing global temperatures and even affecting rainfall on distant continents through the creation of aerial rivers.

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Susan Sheridan reviews She and Her Pretty Friend by Danielle Scrimshaw
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She and Her Pretty Friend is a collation of stories about lesbians in Australian history, ranging from the convict women of the ‘flash mob’ in Hobart’s Cascades prison to the lesbian separatists of the 1983 Pine Gap Peace Camp. Along the way, the reader meets a couple who farmed together in the 1840s, another couple who taught swimming and started the first women-only gym in Melbourne in 1879, as well as one of the first women doctors and her lifelong companion, who both served at the Scottish Women’s Hospital in Serbia in 1916. There are other figures, like poet Lesbia Harford and her muse, Katie Lush, or suffragist Cecilia John, who rode on horseback, dressed in suffrage colours, at the head of a march of more than 4,000 women and children (Danielle Scrimshsaw credits her with ‘queering the suffrage movement’). A chapter on Eve Langley and other ‘passing women’ prompts questions about whether they would have seen themselves as transgender, in today’s parlance.

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She and Her Pretty Friend is a collation of stories about lesbians in Australian history, ranging from the convict women of the ‘flash mob’ in Hobart’s Cascades prison to the lesbian separatists of the 1983 Pine Gap Peace Camp. Along the way, the reader meets a couple who farmed together in the 1840s, another couple who taught swimming and started the first women-only gym in Melbourne in 1879, as well as one of the first women doctors and her lifelong companion, who both served at the Scottish Women’s Hospital in Serbia in 1916. There are other figures, like poet Lesbia Harford and her muse, Katie Lush, or suffragist Cecilia John, who rode on horseback, dressed in suffrage colours, at the head of a march of more than 4,000 women and children (Danielle Scrimshsaw credits her with ‘queering the suffrage movement’). A chapter on Eve Langley and other ‘passing women’ prompts questions about whether they would have seen themselves as transgender, in today’s parlance.

Scrimshaw’s motive for writing this book was ‘because I am a queer woman who craves queer history and researching the past helps me navigate my identity in the present’. So it is ‘both a history and a self-reflection’. The author herself is present, offering anecdotes about her own life, or judgements and speculations about her subjects and their chroniclers. She undertakes a historical rescue operation, building on the work of other historians to make visible some of the many queer women who have been written out of history, or are acknowledged only as ‘spinsters’ or their lifelong relationships as ‘close friendships’.

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Danielle Clode reviews Goldfish in the Parlour: The Victorian craze for marine life by John Simons
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The image of a solitary goldfish aimlessly circling in a glass bowl recurs in cartoons and children’s books, a metaphor for a crowded and over-scrutinised life. John Simons’s account of the mid-nineteenth-century aquarium craze reveals the rather horrifying historical reality of this mostly symbolic image. At the height of the craze for aquariums, not only were resilient goldfish kept in bowls, but a wide range of wild-caught marine and estuarine life were dredged from the British coastline and plunged into buckets, bowls, tubs, pots, as well as glass aquariums of various sizes, with precious little consideration given to the complex needs of maintaining aquatic ecosystems in captivity. The death toll, not to mention the smell, must have been horrifying. As Simons points out, the British seaside has never truly recovered from this mass decimation.

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The image of a solitary goldfish aimlessly circling in a glass bowl recurs in cartoons and children’s books, a metaphor for a crowded and over-scrutinised life. John Simons’s account of the mid-nineteenth-century aquarium craze reveals the rather horrifying historical reality of this mostly symbolic image. At the height of the craze for aquariums, not only were resilient goldfish kept in bowls, but a wide range of wild-caught marine and estuarine life were dredged from the British coastline and plunged into buckets, bowls, tubs, pots, as well as glass aquariums of various sizes, with precious little consideration given to the complex needs of maintaining aquatic ecosystems in captivity. The death toll, not to mention the smell, must have been horrifying. As Simons points out, the British seaside has never truly recovered from this mass decimation.

At one time or another, many of us have participated in our own version of this craze: sacrificing the lives of small fish in the name of education or entertainment or collecting shells on a beach. Despite being an enthusiastic shell collector in my youth, before reading Simons’s book I had never really placed these semi-scientific activities of childhood in any kind of historical context.

Read more: Danielle Clode reviews 'Goldfish in the Parlour: The Victorian craze for marine life' by John Simons

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